Which of the following is considered secondary research data?

Secondary research data refers to information that has already been collected and analyzed by others for purposes other than the current research objective. Industry reports from trade associations exemplify secondary research because they compile existing data, analysis, and insights about market trends, competition, and other relevant issues across the industry. These reports provide valuable information that can help businesses understand broader market dynamics without the need to conduct primary research.

In contrast, the other options involve primary research data. Surveys conducted by the business, interviews with loyal customers, and focus groups arranged by the company all entail collecting new data directly from specific subjects or groups to address particular research questions or objectives. Therefore, they are considered primary research because they involve gathering original information for the first time rather than summarizing or analyzing data that already exists.